Inclosed-arc lamp.



No. 669,056.- Pa tentod Feb. 26, I90I.

M. H. BAKER. ucLosl-zp ARC LAMP.

(Appligntion filed Mar. 12. 1900.}

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Patented Feb. 26, 190i.

a, n, BAKER. INGLOSED ARC LAMP.

(Applicltion Med Int. 12, 1900.1 I

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Witnesses.-

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UNITED STATES PATENT QEFICEL.

MALCOLM H. BAKER, on NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE MANHATTAN GENERALCONSTRUCTION COMPANY, OF sAME PLACE.

lNCLOSED-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 669,056, dated FebruaryQ6, 1901.

Application filed March 12, 1900. Serial l\l0. 8,255. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MALCOLM I-I. BAKER, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Inclosed- ArcLamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in IQ the. construction ofelectric-arc lamps, its object being to provide a simple, compact,reliable, and economical form of lamp.

In carrying out my invention I have made several improvements in theorganization of arc-lamps and in the details of their construction. Oneof the novel features on which I rely for accomplishing the purposes ofmy lamp is that of mounting the lower carbon upon the core or armatureof the usual shunt- 2o magnet and of causing the movement of the saidcore or armature to operate also the clutch for the upper carbon. Tothis end the shunt-magnet core or armature is provided with an extensionor trip so placed as to cooperate either directly or indirectly with atailpiece on the clutch, whereby the attraction of the core or armaturewill release the clutch, as already described. When this arrangement isfollowed, the arc is established 0 by the dropping of the lower carbonunder the influence of gravity. In other words, the structure is soorganized that the operation of the shunt-magnet will act first to raisethe lower carbon toward the upper carbon and af- 5 terward release theupper carbon, so as to bring the points of the carbons together, afterwhich the sh lint-magnet will be partially deenergized, thus allowingthe lower carbon to drop by gravity and establish the are. A

dash-pot is usually employed for preventing loo sudden movements of thelower carbon. I may employ for the purpose of assisting the shunt-magnetand of rendering the. action thereof uniform a pivoted lever or otherequivalent device tending to raise the lower carbon slightly (on theinitial closure of the circuit through the shunt-magnet) and to exert aconstant ly'increasing lift upon the lower carbon as the action of theshunt-magnet be comes gradually less effective. The compensating leverjust described is usually arranged at a critical angle, whereby itsincreasing efficiency shall correspond precisely to the decreasingupward pull of the magnet; These and other features of my lamp will befully explained in the specification which follows and will be moreparticularly pointed out in the claims.

I have illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of a complete lampstructure, including also a diagram of the electric circuits. Fig. 2 isa section along the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a detail of thelamp-clutch. Fig. 4 is an elevation of a modified form of my lamp, andFigs. 5 and 6 are detail views.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the characters 1 and 2 represent,respectively, the upper and lower carbons of my lamp. The upper carbonis provided with any suitable style of carbon-holder, as 3, and thecarbon and holder are adapted to reciprocate within a metallic tube 4,the upper end of which carries an insulating cap or washer 6. The lowerend of the tube 4 is set into a groove in an insulated plate 19, forminga part of the rigid structure of the lamp. Surrounding the tube 4 is ametallic tube or pipe 5, provided with a cap 7, on which is mounted alarger cap 8, carrying the insulated binding-posts 9 and 10.

The junction between the cap 7 and the larger cap 8 is made through themedium of an insulating-washer 61. Through an opening in the upper endof the cap 8 extends a screw-threaded rod 11, to which is secured by ascrew 12 the usual hook for supporting the lamp structure as a whole.The lower part of this hook is shown at 13, the upper part being brokenaway.

To the lower end of the tube or pipe 5 is screwed a circular plate ordisk 14, to which the upper ends of the side rods 15 and 16 of the lampare secured. The lower ends of these side rods are connected to asemicircu- 5 lar plate 17, forming, with the side rods 15 and 16 andwith the plate or disk 14, the main elements of the lamp-frame.

From the diskor plate 14 depends a post 18, secured to the plate 19,which is directly conroo nected to the plate 14 with interposed insn-'lation. Near its lower end the post 18 is reduced in size, and below thereduced portion is an enlargement 20, which constitutes what I call thestationary portion of my lampclutch. The movable portion of the saidclutch is shown at 21; and it consists, essentially, of a bar having acentral openingthrough which the upper carbon passes. One end of themovable portion of the clutch is forked and surrounds the reducedportion of the rod 18. To the opposite end of the clutch 21 is secured atailpiece 22, which is insulated from the part 21, as shown. Thetailpiece enters an opening 23 in the side rod 15, (which is hollow,)where it is connected to a small rod 24K, capable of longitudinalmovement within the side rod. When the tailpiece 22 is allowed to dropdown, the clutch 21 engages with the upper carbon in the usual manner.\Vhen, however, the tailpiece is pushed upward until the clutch 21becomes horizontal, the carbon is free to pass downward through theclutch. The manner in which the clutch is operated through the medium ofthe rod 24: will be described farther on.

Below the clutch 21 is a cylinder 27, provided with a gas-check 28. Saidcylinder is screw-threaded on its periphery, by which means it isbrought into engagement with an internally-screw-threaded ring 29,secured by a set-screw 62 to the enlargement on the lower end of the rod18. The cylinder 27 is provided with a circular flange at its lower end,the flange being cupped to receive the upper end of a small glass globe31, which surrounds the end portions of the carbons. Owing to the modeof connection between the ring 29 and the cylinder 27, the latter maybeadjusted up and down, whereby the flange 30 may be caused to press downagainst the upper end of the globe 31 or can be moved away from it atwill.

The ring 29 supports a smaller ring 64, which surrounds the uppercarbon, leaving space enough for the said carbon to pass through, butnot the carbon rod or holder 3. Should the upper carbon be consumedalmost completely, so that the bottom of the carbonrod should be broughtinto engagement with the ring 64, the said ring would not permit the rodto pass through and the carbon would be retained in place.

The lower carbon is carried in a holder 32, which is supported on theupper end of a rod The said rod is itself carried by the movable core 3%of the shunt-magnet The lower end of the core 3+1 is surrounded by aninsulated grooved plunger or piston 36, lo cated within a closedcylinder 37. The structure thus described constitutes a dashpot, servingto prevent too quick or sudden motions on the part of the core 34.

The cylinder 37 constitutes an extension of the inclosing case 38 of themagnet 35. The upper end of the case 38 supports a plate 39, on which ismounted a standard e0, constituting the bottom support for the glassglobe 31. I provide aring 41, of felt, rubber, or

other cushioning material, at the top of the standard 40,the said topbeing suitably shaped to hold the ring 41 and the bottom of the globe 31in place.

The rod 33, besides supporting the lowercarbon carrier 32, also supportsa cross piece or lever 42, one end of which carries a contact-piece 43,while the other end enters a slot 44 in the side rod 15 and extendsunder the lower end of the rod 24. \Vhen the core 34 is drawn upward bytheactionola current traversing the magnet 35, the cross lever or trip42 engages the lower end of the rod 2% and through the medium of thesaid rod pushes the tailpiece 22 upward and trips the clutch for theupper carbon, allowing the carbon to fall.

The circuit connections of the lamp are illustrated diagrammalically inFig. 1. One circuit passes from the binding-post 0 to the coil andthence to a ring 45 on the side post 16. From the upper end of the saidpost a wire leads to the binding-post 10, which binding-post isaccordingly in connection with the main lamp-frame. Another circuitpasses from the binding-post 9, through a resistance 46, to an insulatedring 47 on the side post 16, whilea derivation from the magnet-circuitruns to the ring 19, which is elec trically connected with the uppercarbon through the tube a and the carboircarrier A study of the circuitconnections as above set forth shows that when the current of the lampis first turned on its path is through the coil 35, causing the core 31to be drawn upward in the manner already described and intermediatelycausing the upper carbon to fall into contact with the lower. \Vhen thishappens, the electromagnet is in a measure short-circuited, andconsequently exercises less pull upon its core, which falls in responseto gravity, thus drawing an are between the upper and lower carbons. Theregulation of the arc will then be effected by the variations in thecurrent traversing the coil 35, all sudden movements being prevented bythe dash-pot arrangement connected with the core 34..

Cooperating with the magnet,so as to assist in its lifting eifect uponthe lower carbon and to resist the effect of gravity. is a lever 110,pivoted at 111 and so connected to the rod as to act upon it through acritical angle, whereby the effect of the adjustable weight 112 at theouter end of the lever shall gradually increase with the ascent of thelower carbon and the magnet-core in a degree corresponding to thedecreasing lifting etfect of the magnet as the core approachesequilibriu m within the same.

I provide a cut-out for removing the lamp from the circuit when thecarbons are broken or become inoperative for any other reason. Thiscut-out consists of the contact-piece 43 on the rod or lever 42, actingin conjunction with an adjustable contact 48, depending from a bracket49, connected with the contact-ring 47. Should the carbons becomebroken, thus permitting the entire current of the lamp to pass throughthe coil 35, the core 34 will be drawn to its extreme upward position,moving the contacts 43 and 48 together. In this way a new path for thecurrent is created, passing through the resistance 46, the contact-ring47, contact-pieces 48 and 43, rod or bar 42, and the lamp-frame to thebindingpost 10.

It will be observed that the plate 39 practically supports the magnet 35and the parts connected therewith and also that it supports the lowercarbon and the lower end of the globe 31. Accordingly all the partsmentioned move with the plate 39, which is pivoted to the side rod 16and slotted at its other end, so as to slide around the lower end of theside rod 15. Using the side rod 16 as a pivot, the entire structureconnected with plate 39 can be swung outward, provided the lamp-globe 31is free to move and also provided that the catch or detent for holdingthe opposite end of the plate 39 to the rod 15 is released. In thepresent instance this catch consists of a pin 50, engaging with a washer51 on the side rod 15. In order to release the globe 31, it is onlynecessary to screw the cylinder 27 upward within its ring 29, whereuponthe globe can be removed at the will of the operator.

The arrangement described in the foregoing paragraph permits of trimmingthe lamp without inconvenience, as will be readily understood.

The resistance 46 may, if desired, be disposed around the upper portionof the lamp.

A large inclosing globe 52 may surround the entire lamp mechanism and besupported in any convenient manner. For example, the upper end of theglobe may press against the under portion of the plate 14, and the lowerend of the globe may be received by the ring 53, surrounding the casing38.

The lamp illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 dif- 'fers from that alreadydescribed mainly in respect to certain details of construction. In thislamp the plate which supports the shunt-. magnet and the standard intowhich the lower carbon passes is rigidly connected with the side postsof the lam p-frame instead of being pivoted to one of these posts.Moreover, the cylinder which contains the gas-check is secured to asupport which is itself detachable from thelamp-fraine,tl1us permittingthe lamp to be trimmed by the pushing upward of the upper carbon and theremoval of the gas-check cylinder, as will be explained farther on. Inthe present instance the upper carbon 1, together with its rod orcarrier 3, is adapted to reciprocate inside the main lamp-tube 5, andwithin said tube is located a coiled wire 65, which is connected at oneend to the carrier 3 and at the other to a slitted contactpiece 66,having spreadingarms 67 (37, which press against the inner walls of thetube 5 and make good contact therewith.

ing-post 9 is joined directly to the tube 5 by a wire 68', being coupledthereto by a binding-screw 69. The tube 5 is screwed into a plate 70,from which the plate 71 is insulated, as shown, the plate 71 being theupper plate of the lamp-frame and having secured to it the upper ends ofside rods 72 and 73 of such frame. From the plate depend two posts 74and 75, one of which corresponds to the post 18 in Fig. 1 andconstitutes the rear support of the lamp-elutch 76, the said post 74being provided, like the post 18, with an enlargement or stop, which inthe present instance is designated by the character 77. The clutch inthe present instance is not only provided with a yoke, which surroundsthe narrowed portion of the rod 74, but it is also provided with anopening surrounding a narrowed portion of the rod 75, so as to allowfree motion up and down of the outer end of the clutch. This structureis illustrated in the detail view Fig. The lower ends of the rods 74 and'75 are extended downward and provided with buttons and 81, whichsupport a metallic ring 82, into which a cylinder 83, containing thegas-check S4, is adapted to be screwed. At the lower end of the cylindera flange is formed, and the same is cupped or provided with an annulargroove 86 to receive the upper end of the glass globe 31, surroundingthe end portions of the carbons. Depressions 87 and 88 are made in theunder side of the ring 82, and from these depressious slots 89 90 areextended to the edge of the ring, which slots permit the ring 82 to beslipped over the narrowed lower portions of the rods 74 and 75 and to heslipped off again at will. It being presupposed that the gas-checkcylinder 83 has been screwed into the ring 82, so as practically toconstitute the ring and the cylinder a single unitary structure, it isevident that the entire structure can be mounted on the rods 74 and 75or dismounted therefrom at the will of the operator. For the purpose. oftrimming the lamp the structure last described will usually be liftedslightly, so that the flange 85 will pass out of the range of the globe31, and the structure will then he slipped off, allowing the rods 74 and75 to pass through the slots 89 and 90, whereby it will be made possibleto remove the globe itself and trim the lamp. Before removing thegas-check structure the upper carbon will be pushed upward inside thetube 5 far enough to allow-the cylinder to be removed. In this structureof lamp the trip for the lamp-clutch is located within the side rod 73,being in the form of a bent rod 91, the upper end of which is providedwith a button'92, which rests just under the tailpiece 93 on the clutch76. The lower end of the bent rod 91 extends into proximity with thevertical rod 33, on which is mounted a button 94, in range with saidlower end of the bent rod 91.

When the core 34 of the shunt- The bind- A magnet 35 is raised, carryingwith it the rod 33 and the button 9%, the latterwill be brought intocontact with the lower end of the bent rod 91, thus raising the said rodand ultimately lifting the tailpiece of the lampclutch and tripping thesaid clutch. To permit the reciprocating motions of the bent rod 91, aslot 96 is made in the wall of the side posts 73, and a slot 97 is alsomade in the wall of the standard 4:0. The piston or plunger in this formof lamp may be a brass cup 98, insulated from the core an and adapted tomove within a brass cylinder 99. To prevent a possible ground throughthis part of the apparatus, I provide insulating-stops 100 100 at thebottom of the piston. The lever 110, with its weight 112, acts in thepresent instance directly upon the button 9st, and they do their work inprecisely the same manner as indicated in the description of Fig. 1. Thecircuit of the lamp enters at binding-post 9, passes through the tube 5,the contact-piece 66, wire 63, upper and lower carbons, and thencethrough the lamp and a wire 101 to the binding-post 10 and the externalcircuit. At the top of the lamp structure is mounted a grooved roller102, usually of porcelain, by means of which the lamp can be supportedupon a suitable hook.

The invention claimed is 1. The combination of the upper-carbon rod andits clamp, the lower-carbon rod, a shunt-electromagnet and its movablecore or armature for regulating the position of the lower carbon,substantially as described.

2. The combination of the upper and lower carbons of an arc-lamp, aclutch for the upper carbon, at shunt-electromagnet for controlling themotions of the lower carbon, and means operated by said electromagneticdevice for releasing the clutch of the upper carbon.

3. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of the upper and lowercarbons, a clutch normally holding the upper carbon, a regulatingshunt-magnet for the lower carbon, and a movable core therefor withwhich the carbon is connected, side rods holding the upper-carbonmechanism and the lower-carbon mechanism in their proper relativepositions, a movable rod extending through one of the side bars betweenthe clutch of the upper carbon and the mechanism of the lower carbon,and means for releasing the clutch by a movement of said rod in responseto the movement of the core of the lower-carbon-regulating mechanism.

4. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of the lower carbon, ashunt-solenoid in the same axial line as the carbon, a core for thesolenoid controlling the vertical position of the carbon operated in onedirection by the action of the solenoid and in the opposite direction bygravity, substantially as described.

5. In an electric-arc lamp, an upper carbon fed downward by gravityalone, a shunt-solenoid, and a lower carbon moving upward in response tocurrent traversing the solenoid and downward by the action of gravity.

6. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination of an upper carbon and aretainingclutch therefor, a lower carbon, its holder, an electromagnetinshunt to the are for moving the lower carbon upward in opposition togravity, an arm moving with the lower carbon, and a rod located betweenthe said arm and the clutch fox-the upper carbon operated by said arm torelease said clutch when the lower carbon has risen beyond apredetermined position.

7. In an electricarc lamp, the combination of the upper carbon, aninsulated tube for receiving the same, a surrounding protecting pipe, aplate carried thereby, the side rods extending downward from said plate,the lower-carbon-regulating mechanism carried by said side rods, saidregulating mechanism being located beneath the lower carbon and in shuntto the are.

S. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the lower carbon, of anelectromagnet in a shunt to the arc, the said magnet having a core orarmature on which the lower carbon is mounted.

9. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the carbons, of aregulating shunt-mag net provided with means for positively moving thelower carbon and for releasing the upper carbon.

10. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the usual carbons, ofa shunt-magnet acting on the lower carbon against gravity, and acting onthe upper-carbon clutch to release the upper carbon.

11. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the carbons, of aregulating-magnet in a shunt across the are, a clutch for the uppercarbon, a trip for the said clutch operated by the magnet, and a gravitydevice secured to the lower carbon for establishing the are.

12. In an electric-arc lamp, a longitudinally-movable lower carbon andan upper carbon combined therewith, in combination with a shunt-magnetconnected with the lower carbon and a weight attached to the lowercarbon.

13. In an electric-arc lamp, a pair of operating-carbons, anelectromagnet in a shunt to the arc, a core for the said magnet in linewith the lower carbon and connected thereto, the said core being adaptedto fall by gravity below the middle of the said magnet when the latteris not energized, and being adapted to be drawn upward when the magnetis energized, as set forth.

1%. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the main lamp-framecarrying the upper carbon, of a lower lamp-frame carrying the lowercarbon, and also carrying the regulating shunt-magnet, the two framesbeing relatively adjustable in a lateral direction.

15. In an electric-arc lamp, a hollow side rod and a trip adapted toreciprocate therein,

the said trip being in operative connection with the core or armature ofthe usual shuntmagnet, in combination with a lamp-clutch adapted to beoperated by the said trip.

16. In an electric-arc lamp, a hollow side rod constituting a part ofthe lamp-frame, a trip adapted to reciprocate within the side rod, andcontrolled by the shunt-magnet, in combination with a lamp-clutch havingan insulated tailpiece extending into the said side rod in line with thesaid trip.

17. In an inclosed-arc lamp, a cylinder containing a gas-check, the saidcylinder being externally screw-threaded and engaging with aninternally-screw-threaded ring on the stationary portion of the lamp.

18. In an inclosed-arc lamp, a cylinder containing the gas-check,combined with a detachable ring supported on the lamp-frame.

19. In an inclosed-arc lamp, a cylinder containing a gas-check combinedwith a slotted ring so as to form a unitary structure therewith, incombination with depending posts over which the slotted ring is adaptedto be slipped. I

20. In an incloesd-arc lamp, acylinder containing a gas-check combinedwith a slotted ring so as to form a unitary structure therefor, incombination with posts depending from the lam p-frame, the said postsbeing provided with terminal buttons for supporting the said slottedring when the same has been slipped over the said posts, whereby thegascheck cylinder may be easily put in place and removed.

21. In an inclosed-arc lamp, acylindercontaining a gas-check and aslotted ring combined therewith, the said cylinder and said ring beingmutually adjustable in the direction of the length of the cylinder, incombination with depending posts supporting the said ring, and a glassglobe against which the lower end of the cylinder is adapted to bepressed.

22. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the carbons, of ashunt-magnet having a core connected to the lower carbon by a verticalrod, the clutch for the upper carbon, and a trip connected between thesaid clutch and the said vertical rod, the said trip being adapted to beacted upon by the said rod to trip the said clutch.,

23. In an electric-arc lamp,the combination with the lower carbon,ofashunt-magnet having a core connected to the said lower carbon by avertical rod, a clutch for the upper carbon, a trip for the said clutch,and a collar on said vertical rod, a portion of the said trip being inthe path of movement of the said collar, whereby the lamp-clutch will beoperated by the movements of the said rod.

24. In an electric-arc lam p,the combination with the usual carbons, ofa sh Lint-magnet acting on the lower carbon against gravity, and amechanical device cooperating with the said magnet in its action on thelower carbon.

25. In an electric-arc lamp,the combination with the usual carbons, of ashunt-magnet acting on the lower carbon against gravity, and a pivotedlever cooperating with the shuntmagnet in its action on the lowercarbon.

26. In an electric-arc lamp,the combination with the usual carbons,of ashunt-magnet acting on the lower carbon against gravity, and a pivotedlever carrying an adjustable counterweight cooperating with the saidmagnet in its action on the lower carbon.

27. In an electric-arc lamp,the combination with the usual carbons,of ashuntmagnet connected to the lower carbon by a vertical rod, and apivoted lever cooperating with the said magnet in its action on thelower carbon, said pivoted lever being arranged at a critical anglewhereby its lifting eifect upon the lower carbon will increase inproportion as the efiect of the shunt-magnet decreases.

28. In an electric-arc lam p,the combination with the usual carbons, ofa shuntmagnet acting on the lower carbon against gravity, and amechanical force cooperating with the shunt-magnet in its action on thelower carbon, the said mechanical force being adapted to increase itslifting effect in proportion as the corresponding effect of the magnetdecreases. I

29. In an electric-arc lamp,a longitudinallymovable lower carbon and an'upper carbon combined therewith in combination with a shunt-magnethaving its core or armature connected with the lower carbon.

30. In an electric-arc lamp,the combination with the usual carbons, of ashunt magnet acting on one of the carbons and a pivoted weighted leveracting in connection with the said magnet, said pivoted lever beingarranged at a critical angle whereby its effect upon the carbonincreases in proportion as the effect of the shunt-magnet decreases.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 14th day of February, A. D. 1900.

MALCOLM II. BAKER.

Witnesses:

L. O. CARUANA, GEORGE H. STOOKBRIDGE.

